Hip Replacement
What is a hip replacement?
A hip replacement, also known as a total hip arthroplasty, is an orthopedic surgery performed in order to restore hip motion and relieve pain in the hip joint. During this surgery, a dysfunctional hip joint is changed into a prosthetic implant.
A hip joint consists of a round femur head which tightly fits into a socket (acetabulum). Normally surfaces of the acetabulum, as well as the femur head, are both covered with a thick layer of cartilage. It cushions the bones where they meet to form the joint. However, due to various medical conditions, such as osteo-arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteo-necrosis, hip cartilage is damaged and can no longer perform its function. Note that hip replacement surgery is performed when all other treatments have not provided sufficient pain relief.
Hip replacement surgery is done under epidural anaesthesia and deep sedation.
Firstly, a surgeon makes an incision along the side of the hip and divides and repositions the muscles that cover the joint.
Then a socket (acetabulum) is prepared by removing damaged cartilage and bone spurs.
Depending on the implant and technique, a surgeon may use bone cement to implant and tightly anchor a metal socket in the acetabulum.
A femoral part of the joint requires preparation as well. The surgeon excises the head of the femur and replaces it with a stem implant as well as a round head implant which are inserted into the femur bone.
Finally, implants of the socket and the head are both joined and secured together to form a new functional joint.
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Types of Surgeries
Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision.
Endoscopic surgery uses scopes going through small incisions or natural body openings in order to diagnose and treat disease. Another popular term is minimally invasive surgery (MIS), which emphasizes that diagnosis and treatments can be done with reduced body cavity invasion.
Open surgery is the traditional type of surgery in which an incision is made using a scalpel. While minimally invasive surgery has become increasingly popular, there are a number of situations in which open surgery is still preferable.
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